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Impactites and Tektites
Feb 21st, 2010 at 11:04am
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To be fair lets expand a bit on Tektites (moldavites) and look at what have been the 4 most plausable theories of formation.

1) Volcanic eruption: This was one of the first theories put forth. The idea being that Tektites are very similar to Obsidian which is volcanic glass. The only difference between them being Tektites contain much less water and thier shape differs greatly. This theory is pretty well busted due to the fact that materials ejected from even the largest of volcanic eruptions cannot reach an altitude where the cooling process could create such shapes.

2) Lunar Volcanic Eruptions: This theory is still believed by some but the basic downfall of it is that none of the minerals recovered from lunar meteorites or the lunar missions show any resemblance to the composition of tektites. Also, if there is a lunar origin why are there only 4 localities around the world where tektites are found when many lunar meteorites have been found world-wide. Lastly, ejecting materials from a lunar origin would in theory create a much larger strewn field than the known strewn fields of tektites exhibited around the world

3) Meteorite impacts on the moon causing ejecting tektites to fall to the Earth: The arguements against this theory are the same as for lunar volcanic eruptions.

4) Earth Impacts: This is the most mainstream theory and the one believed today by most scientists. It's the theory of large meteorites or comet cores impacting the earth at very high velocity. The only arguement against this theory is again if the impact could create enough energy to propel the material at a velocity high enough to reach an altitude to provide enough time for the moldavites to take thier characteristic shape. This arguement has been somewhat dampened when it was discovered that an explosion great enough would actually rip away part of the Earth's atmosphere. This would create less friction for the ejected minerals which would mean they could reach a higher altitude there-by allowing enough time to give them thier shape. Here's a blurb I found on the web that best explains the event in a scientific yet understandable way. It refers to the impact which created the moldavites in Czechoslovakia specifically.

"Moldavites have been shown to be about 14.7 million years old. The most popular explanation of their origin, according to Prof. Bouska, is that they were formed during the impact of a large meteorite, or comet nuclei, with the Earth’s surface. He explains the formation of tektites in simplified terms: “An enormous body with a volume of several cubic kilometers is racing towards the Earth. The uppermost layers of the Earth’s surface are melted by the highly compressed hot air cushion in front of the flying meteorite prior to its contact with the surface of the Earth. At the moment of impact, there is a tremendous explosion comparable with a multiple hydrogen bomb, the atmosphere is torn apart, and tektites are formed in the vacuum bubble. The fusion process and the throwing out of the tektite glass material occurs in a very short time period prior to the actual impact of the meteorite or comet core. The modeling of the formation of large impact craters has shown that the column of hot ascending atmosphere can carry the tektite melt into the upper parts of the atmosphere or even above the atmosphere.” A search was made, worldwide, for meteorite craters in the vicinity of tektite strewnfields. There is strong evidence to support this explanation of the origin of tektites due to the known age of tektites found in certain areas, and the relative proximity of the tektite strewnfields to large meteorite craters of the same age. A number of researchers have suggested that the surface material in the area around the Ries Crater, in Germany, is probably the source material for Moldavites -- the age of the crater is identical with the age of Moldavites."

If this theory turns out to be true then the material that tektites are made from are purely Earth based but subjected to such extremes as to create a formation which could never be duplicated in any natural way on Earth except through a massive Earth impact. It also will mean that moldavites originated in Germany and only fell in Czechoslovakia.

Darwin collected the first Tektite known to modern science during the voyage of the Beagle and since that time the above argument has continued

Impactites are found in limited areas around the world. Verified finds include:

Georgiaites (Tektite): Extremely rare and very expensive. Believed to have come from the Chesapeake Bay impact site.

Bediasites (Tektite): Found in Texas they are fairly rare. These too are believed to come from the Chesapeake Bay impact site.

Monturaqui (Impactite): Located in 1962 the crater, located in Chili, has yielded about 50 kilos of impact glass. This glass actually contains metallic meteorite fragments making it highly magnetic.

Aouelloui (Impactite): This comes from the Eastern coast of Africa and is about as plain as you can find. It is rare and hard to get.

Ivory Coast (Tektite): Another African Tektite which is extremely rare and hard to come by.

Moldavite (Tektite?): Yes.. this is a form of Tektite found in Czechoslovakia. These are world famous due to their brilliant color and are in high demand for jewelry thus making them fairly expensive. The impact which created these is actually located in Germany.

Wabar (Impactite): Found in the Empty Quarter of Saudi Arabia this is a somewhat unique site. More on it later…

Darwin Glass (Impactite): Not considered a Impactite for some time it now is after the location of the impact crater. This really is a unique form of impact glass which shows many beautiful features.

Irghizites (Impactite): Very unique glass drop forms found in and around Kazahkstan's Zhamanshin crater.

Libyan Desert Glass (Unknown): Debate is still open as to if this is a Tektite form of Impactite but one thing for sure, these are beautiful impact glass specimens. They are rapidly increasing in price due to dwindling supplies and less and less being found.

Muong Nong (Although called "Layered Tektites" they are in fact Impactites) are found only in Laos and are unique due to their layered composition. Although many agree this type of Tektite should be found in other locales none have been found to date in any other location. Some Tektites showing some similarities have been found in other locations however. It is believed that these were created near the impact site... close enough to melt the material but far enough away to avoid flight for the most part and more or less just form pools of glass which moved and tumbled a bit but mostly stayed in place giving them a layered composition as they cooled.

Australasian (Tektite): I saved the best for last… This is more of an event than any of the other falls and is by far the largest. When researching Tektites you will come across the following locations along with the ones mentioned above… Thailandites, Lei Gong Mo, Rizalites, Bikolites, Australites and Indochinite (Indochinite singles out SE Asia). All of these, along with a few others, are now considered to be subdivisions of one event which took place 780,000 years ago and is now called Australasian. The site of the impact crater has yet to be discovered but some feel that the makeup of the Mong Nong layered Impactites suggest the they were formed near the point of impact.
  

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Re: Impactites and Tektites
Reply #1 - Feb 21st, 2010 at 11:06am
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That takes care of the acknowledged Tektite sites around the world. however that there is one highly debated site not mentioned above. This is what is referred to as Tibetanites. Although they are recognized as Tektites there has been no positive confirmation of the collecting site as all specimens to date have been obtained from a few sellers. Until documentation is provided and the site scientifically verified this is one argument which will not be solved. Another thing to be aware of is that much of the material available on the market labeled as Tibetanites definitely comes from other areas. If these are ever verified they will definitely fall within the Australasian event. A story surrounding these is that these have been esteemed for generations in Tibet. The Drokma nomads of north-central Tibet have gathered these in dry lake country and offered them to Monasteries in lieu of cash tithes. They were gladly recieved as powerful meditation stones and used by monks to this day.

Impactites come in an unending variety of forms but the most varied are those from the largest event known as Australasian. Tektites from this fall take classic forms depending on the speed of rotation during the fall. With little or no rotation you find round spheres. As the rotation picks up they become elongated. Faster yet and they start to get a dumbbell shape and the fastest rotation actually causes a break creating a teardrop shape. Some, on impact, flatten out and create what are referred to as splat forms. Some during their trip through the atmosphere solidify with large voids filled with ancient atmosphere in them. And very few form what are referred to as buttons, one of the rarest and most expensive forms of Australites. The ones which form with atmosphere voids in them are very volitile. People, while attempting to cut them open, have found that they at times blow up. With this being the case many broke apart either on impact or while flying through the atmosphere. What remains are what are referred to as Bubble Shards (see picture below). They contain large concave shapes which was part of the bubble wall inside the Tektite.

Two other varieties from the Australasian fall come from the Philippines. The first and more common variety is referred to as Rizalites. They can reach sizes of over 1 kilo and are often ball or lense shaped with U-shaped grooves or furrows. The latter is sometimes lost to spallation leaving smooth surfaces. This brings us to the second type… Bikolites are found in the Bikol Penninsula region of Luzon, Philippines. For some unknown reason this area received a heavy concentration of the deeply ornamented outer shell spalls from Rizalite cores. In other words Bikolites are the outer grooved shells of Rizalites which have peeled away from the cores during flight. These are some of the more unique forms of Tektites found.

Wabar Glass is unique in its form due to some pieces containing fragments of shocked Quartz while other pieces formed what are referred to as Wabar Pearls. These are very rare and are highly treasured. More on this story later.

Moldavites are beautiful green in color and are unique amongst Tektites for this reason. They come in two general forms. Regular and what are referred to as Hedgehogs due to their spiny appearance. Moldavites are lso the only impactite to date to be used commercially in mainstream jewelry making it somewhat expensive. Libyan Glass in now also being used in jewelry and with it being more rare than Moldavite prices may well sore if the demand picks up.

Irghizites form twisted ribbons and glossy ropes of black glass. Although very small these truly are treasures.

Desert Glass, although not aerodynamically sculpted, shows unique formations and are comprised of very pure glass with minimal inclusions making it almost as sought after as Moldavite.

Muong Nong type tektites are a very important group of Tektites found mainly in Eastern Laos. They seem to have experienced a lower peak temperature and pressure thus preserving the precursor material much better than other forms. They lead to important conclusions about the impact process. One very unique and important aspect is that the material these contain is layered hence their name Muong Nong Layered Tektites.

Much more can be said on shaping as it truly is endless but this covers some of the most common and sought after formations.

  

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Re: Impactites and Tektites
Reply #2 - Feb 21st, 2010 at 11:07am
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Tektites in Myth and History

For longer than history records humans have regarded Tektites as magical. The word itself comes from a Greek word meaning molten. In the Chinese Tang Annals, which go back more than 2,000 years, Liu Sun makes the first written reference to tektites, calling them Lei-gong-mo, Inkstone of the Thundergod. Australian Aborigines call them Maban, which means magic. In India, they were Saimantakimani, the sacred gem of Krishna. The Sanskrit name for them, Agni Mani, is generally translated into English as fire pearl or teardrops from the moon.

In Native American legends they were thought of as harbingers or messengers and Australian aboriginals believed finding one brought good luck. They used Tektites both as tools and as weapons and believe they control weather and aid in hunting. Medicine men there would carry Tektites in their beards believing it helped maintain telepathic contact.

Medicine men from several aboriginal tribes would use Tektites in healing ceremonies while other cultures believed that touching a Tektite could be lethal and that they were used for evil. It was believed that throwing a Tektite at an individual could cause death.

On the Island of Billiton in the Java Sea teardrop shaped Tektites are plentiful. Locals referred to them as magic black seeds and it was believed that planting them would make tin grow. Tin is one of the major exports of the island.

Moldavites were used as ornaments as well as tools as long as 30,000 years ago in the region of present-day Czechoslovakia. Tools and amulets made from Tektites have also been found in Indochina, Malaysia, and the Philippines.

Tektites referred to as fire pearls have been worshipped in China, India, Indochina and Tibet for at least 2,500 years. . They are sacred to Tibetan monks and lamas, who call them the Stone of Shambala and believe them to have come from the constellation Orion. One legend is that fire pearls are pieces of the arrowhead of the Hindu god Arjuna.

In Saudi Arabia, stories were told by Muslims of a city destroyed by heavenly fire in punishment for the inhabitant's iniquities. Thinking of the biblical account of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, the English explorer H. St. J. Philby made the exceedingly difficult journey to the reported site deep in the Empty Quarter. He found perfectly circular glassy walls enclosing sand-floored depressions up to a hundred meters in diameter. In the surrounding area, they found a scattering of shiny jet-black "pearls", assumed by the locals to have been lost by the fleeing harem and scorched by the fires of heavenly wrath.

In the orient it was believed that Tektites brought power, wealth and precognition. Stories abound of powerful men who prospered as long as they possessed a Tektite but if they ever lost it they went into decline. One story tells of a Prince Pulavarman who acquired a Tektite and built an empire which included Malaya, Java and nearby islands. His dynasty ruled for 1000 years and when they lost the Tektite it crumbled. 400 years ago the Sultan of Malacca, a powerful braggart, claimed to have it. One of his court officials stole it and sold it to Don Alfonso d'Albuquerque, a Portuguese admiral. He became very powerful in the area and conquered Malacca. When he died, another sultan seized it. The British founder of Singapore, Sir Stamford Raffles, bought a tektite from a Javanese potentate for a high price and became the most powerful European in the area until he lost it. It somehow found its way back to a ruling house of Java.

Queen Elizabeth II was gifted a necklace which contained a Tektite. She was also given another piece of Jewelry from the Swiss government which contained a large raw Moldavite as its centerpiece for the tenth anniversary of her coronation.

Winston Chirchill as well was gifted with a Tektite.

Charles Darwin acquired several Tektites while on the Beagle and it was he who first suggested a volcanic origin for them.

One final curious fact. Emus in Australia use them as gizzard-stones and Australian aboriginals will cut them out of emus they have hunted.


Metaphysically Speaking

Below I use the term Tektite but am referencing all Impactites.

Tektites are by nature protective. They aid in helping one connect with and ground into Earth’s reality. They activate the third eye and are said to assist in visionary work as well as lucid dreaming and dream recall. It strengthens ones energy field and assists in learning. They help to accelerate ones inner growth and evolution. Once one has acquired a Tektite changes in jobs, relationships lifestyles and/or possessions which did not serve the best path for you may be released and new paths more suited for your lifestyle may be found. First and foremost these are stones of evolution. Tektites are also great teachers for people who need help in grounding to the reality of today’s mundane world.

The above is a generalization at best. Different Tektites are as different as Quartz is to Topaz. They are all comprised of different fused soils depending on the location where they hit and some may well contain Meteoric fragments. Applying the same properties to all Tektites would be the same as saying all rocks on Earth are the same. With this in mind it is important to consider what type of Impactite you are working with and realize that they will all have differing properties with some commonalities. If you open yourself to them you will find they are amongst the best teachers you can work with and are more willing than many to share their secrets.

Moldavites, Tektites, and Meteorites in general have been considered as ascension stones for as far back as humans have been able to record their history and in all likelyhood a lot longer than that. They have always been considered to be a link to the devine/gods. The best example of this is the stone in Mecca which millions of Muslims make a pilgramige to every year. Although never seen by outsiders most feel this is a meteorite.

I feel that athough this is correct it helps us to not only accend but also assists in travels to all levels of existence. and makes for a great link to our ancestors.

Moldavite can be a very powerful stone for people and as such will take different levels of contact to become used to it and it to you. This is however not unique to Moldavites and can be applied to all stones of every sort. Most people who work with stones extensively have stories of at least one, and usually a lot more, type of stone which they just couldn't connect to, felt uncomfortable with or which just didn't feel right in some way. In most cases these can be overcome with meditation and just by being close to it for longer and longer periods of time. Sometimes however the time just isn't right and a connection may not be made no matter how hard you try
  

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